danji's Blog

Arch Linux Official Website : https://www.archlinux.org/ Arch Linux Taiwan Community : http://archlinux.tw/ Arch Linux 中文社區 : http://archlinux.alone.tw/bbs/ 安裝影音教學 midfingr, 20130507, "Arch Linux VirtualBox Install (May 2013)" midfingr, 20130508, "Arch Linux VirtualBox Install Part 2 (May 2013)" midfingr, 20130508, "Arch Linux VirtualBox Install Part 3 (May 2013)" 安裝教學: wiki.archlinux.org, Installation Guide (正體中文) wiki.archlinux.org, Beginners' Guide (正體中文) Swapnil Bhartiya, 2013/11/26, How to install Arch Linux – easy way OGC Gains Comfort, 2008/10/09, "ArchLinux + LXDE 安裝筆記" 相關的說明: 鳥哥, 2004/03/16, "Linux 磁碟與硬體管理" Tetralet, 2005/05/06, "使用 debootstrap 來建立 CHROOT 環境" wiki.archlinux.org, "VirtualBox" 安裝步驟備忘 : (1) 確認是否有網路 : ping -c 3 168.95.1.1 (2) 查看目前磁碟配置 : lsblk (3) 建立新的磁碟配置 : cfdisk (or cgdisk) /dev/sda1 / 10240 M /dev/sda3 /home * M /dev/sda2 swap 2048 M (4) 建立各分割區的檔案系統 mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1 mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3 mkswap /dev/sda2 (5) 掛載 swap : swapon /dev/sda2 (6) 掛載 / : mount /dev/sda1 /mnt (7) 掛載 /home : mkdir /mnt/home mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/home (8) 修改 pacman's mirrorlist ， 選擇台灣的鏡象站 nano /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist Server = http://archlinux.cs.nctu.edu.tw/$repo/os/$arch Server = http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/Linux/ArchLinux/$repo/os/$arch (9) 安裝基本套件到 /mnt : pacstrap /mnt base base-devel (10) 保存目前的磁碟配置 genfstab /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab (11) 檢查磁碟配置 nano /mnt/etc/fstab (12) change root directory : arch-chroot /mnt (13) 修改 root 的密碼 passwd (14) 修改語系 nano /etc/locale.gen en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 en_US ISO-8859-1 zh_TW.UTF-8 UTF-8 zh_TW BIG5 locale-gen echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 (15) 修改時區 ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/ ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo// /etc/localtime ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Taipei /etc/localtime hwclock --systohc --utc hwclock -w; hwclock -r; date (16) hostname echo Archlinux > /etc/hostname (17) 增加 multilib 到 pacman's mirrorlist nano /etc/pacman.conf [multilib] Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist pacman -Sy (18) 安裝 bootloader : syslinux pacman -S syslinux 由於安裝 grub 在我的電腦會發生以下兩種錯誤，所以暫時改用 syslinux 當 bootloader (a) grub 1:2.00.1282.g5ae5c54-1 will not generate grub.cfg file syntax errors (b) Arch GRUB asking for /run/lvm/lvmetad.socket on a non lvm disk syslinux-install_update -i -a -m (-i : Install over the current bootsector, -a : Mark partition as active, -m : Install an MBR ) nano /boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg LABEL arch ... APPEND root=/dev/sda1 rw ... LABEL archfallback ... APPEND root=/dev/sda1 rw ... PS. SYSLINUX searches for the SYSLINUX.CFG file in the following order: /boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg, /syslinux/syslinux.cfg, /syslinux.cfg (19) 增加使用者 useradd -m -g users -G wheel,storage,power -s /bin/bash username passwd username (20) 安裝 sudo pacman -S sudo pacman -Ss sudo EDITOR=nano visudo %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL (21) 安裝 bash pacman -S bash-completion (22) 切回原先的 root dir exit (23) (遞迴) 卸載磁區 umount -R /mnt (24) 重開電腦 sync;sync;sync;reboot (25) 啟用 DHCP systemctl enable dhcpcd.service systemctl start dhcpcd.service (26) 安裝 SSH pacman -S openssh systemctl enable sshd.service systemctl start sshd.service (27) 安裝 net-tools ， 不裝這個，會連 ifconfig, netstat 都沒得用 pacman -S net-tools (28) pacman -S mlocate updatedb (29) pacman -S alsa-utils alsa-oss acpid alsamixer (30) 安裝 X pacman -S xorg-server xorg-server-utils xorg-xinit xorg-utils pacman -S mesa pacman -S nvidia lib32-nvidia-utils pacman -S xf86-input-synaptics pacman -S xorg-twm xorg-xclock xterm startx (31) 安裝 virtualbox guest pacman -S virtualbox-guest-utils pacman -S virtualbox-guest-modules modprobe -a vboxguest vboxsf vboxvideo nano /etc/modules-load.d/virtualbox.config vboxguest vboxsf vboxvideo VBoxClient --clipboard (VBoxClient --clipboard --draganddrop --seamless --display --checkhostversion) usermod -G vboxsf -a username (32) pacman -S libstdc++5 pacman -S screen pacman -S tmux pacman -S ntfs-3g pacman -S dbus pacman -S lrzsz pacman -S gdb pacman -S vim pacman -S bc (33) 安裝桌面系統 ... 待續 ...